{"id":276,"date":"2014-12-19T01:42:07","date_gmt":"2014-12-19T00:42:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/frenchnamibiancci.com\/en\/?page_id=276"},"modified":"2025-06-02T06:48:51","modified_gmt":"2025-06-02T05:48:51","slug":"ethnics-in-namibia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/frenchnamibiancci.com\/en\/about-namibia\/ethnics-in-namibia\/","title":{"rendered":"Ethnics in Namibia"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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DIFF\u00c9RENTES ETHNIES EN NAMIBIE<\/strong><\/h1>

Les Ovambos<\/strong>
Ils sont constitu\u00e9s en 8 tribus distinctes, habitant le nord de la Namibie (Ovamboland) et le sud de l’Angola. Ils sont \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9sents dans la capitale, Windhoek.<\/p>

  • Ukwanyama (Cuanhama)<\/p><\/li>

  • Ondonga<\/p><\/li>

  • Ukwambi<\/p><\/li>

  • Ongandjera<\/p><\/li>

  • Ukwaluudhi<\/p><\/li>

  • Ombalantu<\/p><\/li>

  • Onkolonkadhi<\/p><\/li>

  • Eunda<\/p><\/li>

  • Ombadja (Cuamato)<\/p><\/li><\/ul>

    Les Ovambos repr\u00e9sentent 50% de la population. Arriv\u00e9s au XVIe si\u00e8cle, ils appartiennent \u00e0 la famille des Bantous. Ils sont paysans ou p\u00eacheurs. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Ovambo est matriarcale. Le culte des anc\u00eatres est important, m\u00eame si la plupart sont aujourd\u2019hui chr\u00e9tiens. Ce sont aujourd\u2019hui des travailleurs itin\u00e9rants, souvent s\u00e9par\u00e9s de leur famille. Leur langue est l\u2019oshiovambo.<\/p>

    Les Namas<\/strong>
    Les Namas repr\u00e9sentent 12% de la population et vivent surtout dans le sud. Les 14 communaut\u00e9s Nama sont dirig\u00e9es par un chef appel\u00e9 capitaine. Leur apparence (teint clair, pommettes saillantes, yeux brid\u00e9s) rappelle parfois les Asiatiques, et leur langue a un son comparable aux langues asiatiques comme le chinois. Leur spiritualit\u00e9 est r\u00e9gie par deux divinit\u00e9s : une du bien (l\u2019Orient) et une du mal (l\u2019Occident). Pasteurs au d\u00e9but du si\u00e8cle, ils forment aujourd\u2019hui une part importante des ouvriers agricoles. Leur langue appartient aux langues \u00e0 clics.<\/p>

    Les Kavangos<\/strong>
    Les Kavangos sont un peuple bantou vivant principalement au nord de la Namibie, pr\u00e8s de la fronti\u00e8re avec l’Angola, et repr\u00e9sentent environ 10% de la population. Divis\u00e9s en 5 royaumes, ils sont arriv\u00e9s au XVIe si\u00e8cle. Chaque royaume est dirig\u00e9 par un hompa ou fumu. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est matriarcale et chr\u00e9tienne, comme chez les Ovambos. Leur langue est le RuKwangali, avec plusieurs dialectes r\u00e9gionaux. Durant la guerre civile en Angola (1975), de nombreux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s (les Nyemba) se sont install\u00e9s au Kavangoland. Ils vivent principalement d\u2019\u00e9levage et de p\u00eache. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019artisanat (statues sur bois), ils profitent aussi du tourisme. Leur dieu principal est Karunga, et les \u00e9l\u00e9ments naturels comme le vent, le soleil et la lune sont essentiels dans leur cosmogonie. La sorcellerie et la magie noire sont encore courantes.<\/p>

    Les H\u00e9r\u00e9ros<\/strong>
    Les H\u00e9r\u00e9ros repr\u00e9sentent 8% de la population et sont organis\u00e9s en 3 communaut\u00e9s. Ils sont bantous et parlent aussi une langue \u00e0 clics. Aujourd\u2019hui s\u00e9dentaris\u00e9s sous l\u2019influence des missionnaires et des colons, ils \u00e9l\u00e8vent toujours des bovins, consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme sacr\u00e9s car ils interc\u00e8dent aupr\u00e8s des esprits et des anc\u00eatres. Les chefs sont \u00e9lus, mais leur autorit\u00e9 est souvent contest\u00e9e. Les femmes portent fr\u00e9quemment le costume victorien traditionnel, avec des jupes longues et une coiffe repr\u00e9sentant les cornes d\u2019un b\u0153uf.<\/p>

    Les Damaras<\/strong>
    Les Damaras repr\u00e9sentent 7% de la population. Leur langue est similaire \u00e0 celle des Namas et appartient \u00e0 la famille des langues \u00e0 clics. Ils vivent dans le Damaraland, o\u00f9 ils avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 parqu\u00e9s pendant la colonisation. Ils ont un roi, dont l\u2019autorit\u00e9 est contest\u00e9e. Leur dieu est v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 travers l\u2019eau, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de rivi\u00e8re ou de pluie, et le feu occupe un r\u00f4le sacr\u00e9. Les Damara travaillent surtout dans l\u2019agriculture et l\u2019\u00e9levage. Le Damaraland reste l\u2019une des r\u00e9gions les plus pauvres du pays.<\/p>

    Les Capriviens<\/strong>
    Les Capriviens repr\u00e9sentent 4% de la population et vivent dans la bande de Caprivi \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re zambienne. Ils parlent le Silozi. Historiquement li\u00e9s \u00e0 la Zambie, au Zimbabwe et \u00e0 l\u2019Angola, ils se sentent souvent peu Namibiens et ont tent\u00e9 d\u2019obtenir leur ind\u00e9pendance en 1990.<\/p>

    Les San (ou Bushmen)<\/strong>
    Les San repr\u00e9sentent 2% de la population. Ce sont les descendants des premiers habitants d\u2019Afrique australe et vivent dans les zones arides des hauts plateaux du Kalahari. Ils parlent une langue \u00e0 clics. Sans rois ni chefs, ils respectent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement le plus ancien des chasseurs. Leur organisation politique est inexistante, ce qui rend leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats souvent n\u00e9glig\u00e9s. Ils ont une connaissance approfondie de la nature et de ses plantes m\u00e9dicinales. Malheureusement, ils ont peu acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation et souffrent souvent d\u2019alcoolisme.<\/p>

    Les Himbas<\/strong>
    Les Himbas sont un peuple bantou vivant principalement dans le Kaokoveld au nord de la Namibie. Ils sont apparent\u00e9s aux H\u00e9r\u00e9ros.<\/p>

    Les Tswana<\/strong>
    Les Tswana sont un peuple bantou pr\u00e9sent surtout en Afrique du Sud, au Botswana (o\u00f9 ils sont majoritaires) et en Namibie. Ils constituent le rameau occidental des Sotho. Leur nombre total \u00e9tait estim\u00e9 \u00e0 plus de 3 millions en 1996.
    Ils vivent d\u2019agriculture et surtout d\u2019\u00e9levage. Des communaut\u00e9s importantes sont \u00e9tablies autour des points d\u2019eau en bordure du Kalahari. Les Tswana sont divis\u00e9s en plusieurs sous-groupes : Bahurutshe, Bakaa, Bakgatla, Bakwena, Bamelete, Bangwaketse, Bangwato, Barolong, Barolong Sekela, Barolong Tshidi, Batawana, Batlhaping, Batlharo et Batlokwa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    DIFF\u00c9RENTES ETHNIES EN NAMIBIE Les OvambosIls sont constitu\u00e9s en 8 tribus distinctes, habitant le nord de la Namibie (Ovamboland) et le sud de l’Angola. Ils sont \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9sents dans la capitale, Windhoek. Ukwanyama (Cuanhama) Ondonga Ukwambi Ongandjera Ukwaluudhi Ombalantu Onkolonkadhi Eunda Ombadja (Cuamato) Les Ovambos repr\u00e9sentent 50% de la population. Arriv\u00e9s au XVIe si\u00e8cle, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":66,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-276","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"rankMath":{"parentDomain":"frenchnamibiancci.com","noFollowDomains":[],"noFollowExcludeDomains":[],"noFollowExternalLinks":false,"featuredImageNotice":"L\u2019image en vedette devrait \u00eatre au moins 200 par 200 pixels pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 par Facebook et d\u2019autres sites de m\u00e9dias 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